When speaking about graphene, we should initially mention the natural mineral graphite that is widely existing in our life.
As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a split product, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are prepared layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the same layer “hold hands” and are very closely attached, yet the mix of carbon atoms between various layers is loose, like a stack of playing cards. With a mild press, the cards will certainly slide apart.
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From the viewpoint of chemical framework, graphite is a transitional crystal between atomic crystals, metal crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the very same layer form covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is linked to 3 various other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms form a routine hexagonal ring on the same plane, stretching to form a sheet structure.
If graphite is a stack of playing cards, after that graphene is among the cards in this stack of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional material composed of a solitary layer of carbon atoms. Piling graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite has concerning 3 million layers of graphene.
Although graphene exists in nature, it is hard to peel a single layer framework.
Greater than 20 years earlier, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, scientists at the College of Manchester in the UK, believed that there must be a means to get a solitary layer of graphite.
Just how can a single layer of graphite be peeled? Researchers took a really “simple and crude” method – sticking it with tape.
“Similar to when we compose a typo on paper, we will certainly stick the typo with tape.” Based upon this, researchers frankly associate that if tape can stay with the surface area of paper, can it additionally stay with layers of graphite?
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In the experiment, researchers stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to an unique tape, and detached the tape, the graphite sheet was divided into two. Although the thickness of graphite right now is still much from that of a single layer of graphite, scientists have validated the expediency of this approach – each time the tape is utilized, the graphite becomes thinner. By demanding utilizing this “mechanical peeling technique” to duplicate the procedure, they lastly obtained a thin sheet containing only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.
However, this technique of repetitively exfoliating graphite sheets with tape to obtain graphene has low manufacturing efficiency and can just be utilized to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.
Later on, with the enhancement of clinical and technological degrees, the prep work method of graphene has actually also made great development. Today, along with this standard physical and mechanical peeling technique, there are also numerous methods for preparing graphene, such as redox approach, solvent peeling approach, chemical vapor deposition, etc
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